018 反应堆主要组成部分
Main Components of Nuclear Reactor
（https://www.nuclear-power.com/）
核反应堆主要组成部分
反应堆的材料
The body of the reactor vessel is constructed of a high-quality low-alloy carbon steel, and all surfaces that come into contact with reactor coolant are clad with a minimum of about 3 to 10 mm of austenitic stainless steel (e.g. 304L) in order to minimize corrosion.
反应堆容器的主体由高质量的低合金碳钢构成，所有与反应堆冷却剂接触的表面都覆盖了至少3至10毫米的奥氏体不锈钢(例如304L)，以减少腐蚀。
【图注：反应堆压力容器及容器封头是高质量的低合金钢，控制棒是碳化硼或银铟镉合金，堆内构件是高质量不锈钢，燃料是锆合金+二氧化铀+因科镍】
The key components common to most PWR-type nuclear reactors are:
大多数压水堆类型核反应堆最常见的关键组成部分是:
Nuclear reactor core. The reactor core is a bounded region, where a neutron multiplication occurs and where chain reaction take place. The reactor core contains especially the nuclear fuel (fuel assemblies), the moderator and the control rods.
核反应堆堆芯。反应堆堆芯是一个有界区域，在这里发生中子增殖和链式反应。反应堆堆芯特别包括了核燃料(燃料组件)、慢化剂和控制棒。
Reactor pressure vessel. The reactor pressure vessel is the pressure vessel containing the reactor core and other key reactor internals. It is a cylindrical vessel with a hemispherical bottom head and a flanged and gasketed upper head. The bottom head is welded to the cylindrical shell while the top head is bolted to the cylindrical shell via the flanges. The top head is removable to allow for the refueling of the reactor during planned outages.
反应堆压力容器。反应堆压力容器是包含反应堆堆芯和其他关键堆内构件的压力容器。它是一种圆柱状容器，具有半球形的底部封头和带有法兰、密封垫的上部封头。底部封头焊接在圆柱状外壳上，上部封头经法兰由螺栓固定在圆柱状外壳上。上部封头是可拆卸的，以便在计划内停堆期间为反应堆填加燃料。
Neutron reflector. The reactor core is surrounded by a neutron reflector or reactor core baffle. The reflector reduces the non-uniformity of the power distribution in the peripheral fuel assemblies, reduces neutron leakage and reduces a coolant flow bypass of the core.
中子反射体。反应堆堆芯被中子反射体或反应堆堆芯挡板包围。反射体减少了周边燃料组件中功率分布的不均匀性，减少了中子泄漏，并减少了堆芯的冷却剂流动旁路。
Lower support structure.
下部支撑结构。
Surveillance capsule assembly. The capsules contain reactor vessel steel specimens obtained during vessel fabrication and are withdrawn periodically from the reactor vessel.
监督管组件。管舱中含在容器制造过程中获得的反应堆容器钢试样，并定期从反应堆容器中取出。
Core support barrel. The core barrel belongs to the lower core support structure, because it houses a reactor core.
堆芯支撑筒。堆芯芯筒属于下部堆芯支撑结构，因为它容纳了一个反应堆芯。
Upper guide structure assembly.
上部导向结构组件。
注：
（以下内容来自百度百科）
1）反应堆压力容器是用来固定和包容堆芯、堆内构件，使核燃料的链式裂变反应限制在一个密封的金属壳内进行。如果说燃料元件包壳是防止放射物质外逸的第一道屏障，则包容整个堆芯的压力容器就是第二道屏障。反应堆压力容器又称为压力壳，是由两个组件即容器本体以及用双头螺栓联接的反应堆容器顶盖组成。反应堆容器是由低合金锻钢单个环形锻件焊接而成。这些无纵焊缝的单个锻制部件，逐一用全焊透的环焊缝连成一体。堆容器包容堆内构件、堆芯以及作为冷却剂、慢化剂和反射层的水，凡是与回路冷却剂接触的容器内表面，都堆焊不锈钢覆面层，其厚度不小于5mm。堆容器本体从上而下由一只上法兰、一个密封台肩、一节接管段、二节堆芯包容环段、一节过渡段、一只半球形下封头组成。下图为反应堆压力容器本体结构。
压力容器
（待续）
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